Journal of Science, Vocational and Technical Education
The Journal of Science, Vocational and Technical Education (JOSVTE) of the Faculty of Vocation and Technical Education, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo is conceived as a multidisciplinary journal devoted to publishing scholarly and well-researched articles in the areas of Science, Agriculture, Business Education, Entrepreneurship, Fine and Applied Arts, Home Economics and other fields of General Education. Our collective goal is to make the Journal the authoritative publication in the area of Vocational and Technical Education Studies research. The Journal is a repository for knowledge about Science, Vocational, Technical and Entrepreneurship Education from the perspective of Vocational Education theories and methods. Its intent is to be international in scope and to chart new research directions for solving inter-disciplinary problems related to Vocational Education. The Journal provides substantive literature on Vocational, Technical and Entrepreneurship Education issues with articles that illustrate research in this aspect of education well highlighted. The central criteria for publication are that the material in the genre of the above topics be theoretically and/or empirically based and be substantive in the sense of proposing, discovering, or replicating previous research, we strive to have material clearly written and concise in language. In addition, the topics should be timely and most importantly, the manuscripts must have a research or policy orientation and must make a contribution to knowledge and the development of theory or new information, substantiation, or contradiction of previous findings. All manuscripts are peered-review anonymously by editors with recognized competence in the topics submitted. From the recommendations of the Editors, the Executive Editors timely decide the disposition of a manuscript for prompt publication bi-annually (June and December). The Journal of Science, Vocational and Technical Education is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The Editorial Board believes that scholarly journals are the most important media in shaping the research and policy directions of any field. To this end, the responsibility for this gate keeping function would continue to be shared as widely as possible. The editors and editorial board remain committed to the task of creating an innovative environment for scholarly publications.
Faculty of Vocation and Technical Education, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo
IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON SCIENCE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN NIGERIAN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS USING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education on science students’ achievement in Nigerian senior secondary schools using science process skills for sustainable economic development due to the problem of unemployment facing many developing nations, with no exception in the developed nations. The study adopted a non-randomised pretest-posttest control group in a quasi-experimental design. A total of 189 science students from six randomly selected schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria in their intact class setting, using a simple random sampling technique, took part in the study. Three researchers designed instruments titled: Achievement Test in Physics (ATP), Achievement Test in Chemistry (ATC), and Achievement Test in Biology (ATB) were used to obtain data for the study, with internal consistency of 0.78, 0.82 and 0.75 for ATP, ATC and ATB respectively. The findings showed that, science students; Physics (t(58) = 5.40*, p = .000), Chemistry (t(61) = 6.67*, p = .000) and Biology (t(64) = 7.81*, p = .000) that acquired entrepreneurship education through science process skills achieved significantly better than those taught with conventional method which will assist them to formulate ideas, enhances innovation and creativity that will make positive changes within the society to be self-employed for sustainable growth and economic development of the nation. This paper recommends that entrepreneurship education should be introduced into the senior secondary school science curriculum in order to eradicate poverty, promote entrepreneurial culture and mindset, and enhance skills acquisition, such as management skills, technological skills, communication skills, financial skills and intellectual skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Science, Vocational and Technical Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDIES OF (E)-1-((PHENYLIMINO)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL AND (E)-1-(((4-CHLOROPHENYL)IMINO)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL
(E)-1-((phenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (L1) and (E)-1-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (L2) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet-visible, proton and carbon-13 spectroscopies. Theoretical calculations were also performed on the modelled and optimized structures using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Becke’s three-parameter hybrid functional employing the Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) and the Empirical Density Functional 1 methods (EDF1) with 6-31G** basis set. The infrared, ultraviolet, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the compounds were calculated and the results compared with the corresponding experimental spectra to boost the structural elucidation. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results provided a very good agreement.
(E)-1-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl) naphthalen-2-ol
IMPORTANCE OF SCHIFF BASES AND THE METAL COMPLEXES
Numerous organisms have been reported to have resistance to some antibacterial drugs currently in use. As a result, attempts are being made to replace these antibiotics. Consequently, considerable attention is being paid to the synthesis of new, more effective, and target-specific metal-based drugs. Thus, Schiff bases and their metal complexes have gained considerable attention because they are nitrogen-containing compounds that serve as a privileged heterocyclic scaffold due to their biological and pharmaceutical properties.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHARCOAL MARKETING IN ONDO METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study conducted an economic analysis of charcoal marketing in Ondo metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select the sample for this investigation. Data were collected on various aspects, including socio-economic characteristics, challenges faced, employment status, and the primary occupation of charcoal marketers, utilizing a self-structured questionnaire. The instrument underwent validation by experts to ensure both face and content validity. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, as well as budgetary and profitability analysis. The results revealed that the mean age of charcoal marketers was 47.5±8.4 years, with a majority of 62.8% being female and 56.6% married, living in households with an average size of 7.0±3.0 members. Additionally, the findings highlighted that inadequate capital and high transportation costs were among the key challenges confronting charcoal marketers in the region. The budgetary analysis revealed a net marketing margin, while the profitability ratios indicated that the net marketing margin was N90,2500, and the gross and operating ratios, along with the return on investment, were calculated at 0.7409, 0.117, and 1.1649, respectively. These results suggest that charcoal marketing is both viable and profitable, yielding a favourable return on each naira invested in the business. Furthermore, the analysis of profit margin drivers revealed that factors such as age, education, household size, capital outlay, and access to credit have a significant impact on profit margins. Based on these findings, it is recommended that efforts be made to improve access to credit, reduce transportation costs through subsidies, and enhance government support services aimed at small-scale businesses.
EFFECT OF HOME GARDEN ON HOUSEHOLDS' FOOD SECURITY IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the effect of home garden on households’ food security in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 190 households for the study. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire, and the information gathered was analysed with descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. A 3-point Likert scale was employed to ascertain households’ perceptions of home garden contributions to households’ food security. A probit regression model was used to analyze factors influencing households’ participation in home gardens, and an independent sample t-test was used to test the stated hypothesis for the study. Results revealed that, mean age of home gardeners was 46.9±6.7 years, 60.5% were male, and 61.1% were married, with a household size of 10.0±3.0 members, and 55.3% had primary education. It was discovered that home garden promotes access to food, as a means of livelihood and enhance food security in the households. Home garden was found to be confronted with inadequate land and capital, inputs, pilfering or theft of crops. The probit regression results indicated that age, gender, access to inputs, size of garden and distance to the home were the significant variables influencing participation in home garden in the study area. The independent sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the contributions of home gardens to households’ food security based on gender. Hence, access to credit and access to inputs should be encouraged, while more available land in the environment should be acquired for gardens among participating households to increase food production.
EFFECT OF MAIZE REPLACEMENT WITH VARYING LEVELS OF ROASTED CASSAVA SIEVATE ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION OF BROILER CHICKEN
Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava. There is a growing interest in exploring the use of cassava by-products, such as cassava sievate, as alternative feed ingredients. This experiment was conducted to examine the growth performance, carcass traits and economics of production of broiler chickens fed maize replaced with varying roasted cassava sievate. One-hundred-day-old chicks were used to experiment for six (6) weeks. The birds were fed 0% 10% 20% 30% and 40% levels of maize replaced with roasted cassava sievate meal. The experiment showed that roasted cassava sievate meal influenced the growth performance of broiler chicken. Also, the experimental diet influenced feed intake in broilers. Results showed that maize replaced with roasted cassava sievate diet has a significant effect on liveshrunk, defeathered and dressed carcass weights of the birds. The breast muscle percentage of the birds was influenced by the inclusion of cassava sievate in the broiler diet. The result also showed that percent broiler primal parts was not significantly different among the treatment groups. Diest did not exert any significant difference in the percentage of liver, pluck, gizzard and heart of experimental birds. Price per kg feed reduced with increased levels of replacement. However no significant difference in price per kg bird produced. There was no mortality throughout the experimental period, which suggested that roasted cassava sievate meal has no deleterious effect on the experimental birds.
DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF MAIZE WITH KOLA POD HUSK MEAL ON GROWTH, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM PROFILE OF PIGS
The study aimed to assess the dietary effect of kola pod husk (KPH) meal on the growth, haematology and serum profile of weaner pigs. Forty weaner pigs of crossbreed and mixed sexes were randomly distributed to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design of 8 pigs per treatment with a pig per replicate in a feeding trial that lasted for 84 days. Results showed a significantly (p<0.05) lower average weight gain (0.29-0.37 kg/pig/d) in pigs fed 20 - 40% KPH meal-based diets compared with the 0.46 kg/pig/d average weight gain in pigs fed 0 and 10% KPH meal-based diets. Feed conversion ratio (feed: gain ratio) was significantly (p<0.001) poorer (3.86-3.03) in pigs fed 20-40% KPH-based diets compared with those (2.45 and 2.46) on the control and 10% KPH meal. Total feed intake was similar (p>0.05) across the pigs fed the control and kola pod husk meal. Haematological parameters such as the red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), haemoglobin concentration (HbC), lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils of pigs were significantly (p<0.05) influenced at varying substitution levels of dietary KPH meal. Among the serum indices, only the blood urea and high-density lipoprotein were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary substitution of maize with KPH meal. Economics of production revealed a 10% KPH meal as the optimal and economic threshold of KPH meal substitution as an energy source for maize in pig diet. Thus, substitution of KPH meal for maize as an energy source in pigs’ diet at a 10% level will help reduce the cost of pig production without posing any health challenges.
EFFECT OF COMPOSTED AND UNCOMPOSTED ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND BIOCHAR ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND LEAD UPTAKE IN TWO MAIZE VARIETIES PLANTED IN Pb CONTAMINATED SOIL
Laboratory and screen-house studies were carried out to investigate the influence of composted manure, chicken manure, biochar, and control on the chemical characteristics and nutrient uptake of maize grown in lead-contaminated soil. The uncontaminated soil with lead was utilized as a control. All treatments were administered at three levels (20, 30, and 40t/ha). The treatments were implemented in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The maize cultivars employed were DTMA-Y-STR and DTMA-W-STR. The Pb content of DTMA Y STR planted in Pb-contaminated soil supplemented with 40t/ha of compost manure was dramatically reduced to 37300mg/kg, while DTMA W STR was reduced to 15027mg/kg when compared to the previously documented 66377mg/kg. In addition, Pb uptake in DTMA W STR shoots was reduced with Pb-contaminated soil supplemented with composted cow dung at a rate of 20t/ha. The experiment demonstrated that composted organic manure might assist in alleviating metal stress in maize crops growing in lead-contaminated soil, as well as immobilizing lead in the soil.
EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN AGRICULTURE
The study assessed the impact of technology integration in the agricultural education of students of Adeyemi Federal University of Education. Specifically, the study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the students, technology integration on students' engagement and motivation in agricultural education, and the challenges facing technology integration in agricultural education. A simple random sampling technique was used to sample 125 respondents for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. Results of analysis showed that technology integration in agricultural education among students in the study area helps to facilitate teaching and learning, promotes understanding of concepts, enhances interactions and collaboration and helps to reach out to a larger audience. More than 75% of the students indicated that technology integration in teaching and learning of agricultural education increases students' understanding of agricultural concepts and skills acquisition. Findings also showed that the effects of technology integration in agricultural education cannot be undermined in the development of agriculture. It promotes skill acquisition and development among the students. The result showed that despite the prospect of technology integration in agricultural education, finance, irregular power supply and poor technology infrastructure posed major challenges that may hinder its effective implementation. It could therefore be suggested that electronic media technology integration will enhance students’ performance when employed in agricultural education.
REVAMPING SCIENCE EDUCATION: A PATHWAY TO SKILL ACQUISITION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
A society must embrace scientific awareness to achieve sustainable development. This entails being innovative, capable of protecting the environment, and promoting economic growth. These objectives can be realized through effective science education, which provides individuals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential for addressing complex challenges. However, the field of science education faces numerous challenges that impede its full potential, highlighting the necessity for reform. This study explores how revitalizing science education can facilitate skills acquisition and contribute to sustainable development in alignment with 21st-century goals. It also examines the current obstacles confronting science education and identifies the essential skills necessary for fostering development. A descriptive survey methodology was employed, with questionnaires distributed to ten public secondary schools in Ondo. The collected data were analyzed using mean scores. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government allocate sufficient funding to science education at all levels of the educational system.
NOURISHING VITALITY AND RESILIENCE IN NIGERIAN CUISINE AND HEALTH
Collagen, a prevalent layer of cells protein, has been discovered to have numerous medicinal, wellness, dietary, and ornamental uses. Over the last few decades, a better understanding of collagen sources, extraction procedures, structure, and qualities has been discovered, allowing the creation of more collagen-based goods and materials. Collagen products have been shown to improve human health, particularly among the elderly. In this paper, the effect of collagen on nourishing vitality and resilience in Nigerian cuisine and health, the local food sources rich in collagen, phytochemical stimulation on collagen production and food contributing to depletion of the body were discussed. Conclusively, collagen emerges as a foundational thread, woven through traditional practices, dietary choices, and modern understanding, with this knowledge, it possesses the means to improve vitality in human health.
EFFECT OF ONE-MINUTE PAPER COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BUSINESS STUDIES IN LAGOS STATE
This study examined the effect of one-minute paper cooperative learning strategy on the academic achievement of junior secondary school students in business studies within Lagos State. A quasi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test, control group was adopted. One research question was raised, and one null hypothesis was formulated to achieve the study's objective. The sample consisted of 259 JSS3 students from two intact classes in secondary schools in Lagos State. The Business Studies Achievement Test (BSAT), with a reliability coefficient of 0.75, was validated and utilized for data collection. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were the statistical measures employed to analyze the data collected. The findings of the research question showed that students taught using a one-minute paper cooperative learning strategy performed better than their counterparts taught with the conventional method. The findings of the hypothesis revealed that there is a significant difference between the mean achievement scores of students taught business studies using the minute papers strategy and those taught using the conventional method. The study recommends among others that one minute papers cooperative learning strategy should be adopted in the teaching of business studies in secondary schools and that government through the Ministry of Education should include one-minute paper cooperative learning strategy in the list of suggested methods for teaching business studies in the curriculum of junior secondary schools in Lagos State and Nigeria at large due to their immense benefits.
ROLES OF ACADEMIC ADVISERS IN PREVENTING EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG HOME ECONOMICS STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA
The study determined the role of academic advisers in preventing examination malpractice among home economics students in South West, Nigeria. Three research questions with corresponding hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted quantitative research design. The population of the study was 116 Home Economics lecturers selected from five Federal universities in South West, Nigeria (UI, UNILAG, OAU, FUNAAB and FUOYE). There was no need for sampling since the population is small and manageable. Data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire titled, “Role of Academic Advising in Preventing Examination Malpractice among Home Economics Students (RAAPEMAHS). The questionnaire was validated by three experts, two from Department of Home Economics Education and one from Department of Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the instrument was trial tested on 20 lecturers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to analyze the data from the trial testing and the result indicated 0.87 reliability coefficient value indicating the instrument is suitable and reliable. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher with the help of three research assistants. A total of 116 copies of the instrument were administered to respondents in the five institutions. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics. The findings identified fifteen (15) roles of academic advisers in preventing examination malpractice among Home Economics students in South West, Nigeria. The roles include: educating students on the consequences of examination malpractice and the importance of academic integrity, promoting a culture of honesty and ethical behavior among students, encouraging students to study diligently and prepare well for exams. The result also shown that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean responses of male and female Home Economics Lecturers on the roles of academic advisers in preventing examination malpractice among Home Economics students in South West, Nigeria, among others. Based on the findings, the study concluded that effective and functional academic advising in tertiary institutions can be a vital tool in preventing examination malpractice among Home Economics students. The study recommended among others that school management should provide constant training and workshops for academic advisers; and school administration should set up examination malpractice committee at that will be in charge of handling examination malpractice matters and punish the offenders.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BUSINESS EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR NIGERIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
This paper discusses the potential application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Business education curriculum to drive Nigeria's economic development. By explaining the intertwining relationship of AI, education, and economic development, this paper identifies opportunities for AI to enhance business education outcomes, develop a skilled workforce and stimulate economic expansion. However, it also highlights significant challenges, including infrastructural gaps, resource constraints, and policy limitations amongst others. The paper adopts an analytic approach to discussing information gathered from existing literature that had hitherto interrogated AI applications. This is to provide actionable insights and recommendations that will address a seamless adaptation of AI to business education curriculum to enhance Nigerian economic development. It is hoped that, leveraging AI will unlock Nigeria's economic potential. Through a trenchant exploration of the complex relationships between AI, Business education, and economic development, this study interrogated evidence-based strategies for Nigeria's sustainable development and technological advancement.
MICROSOFT VISIO APPLICATION COMPETENCIES NEEDED BY OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS FOR EFFECTIVE SECRETARIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
This study investigated the Microsoft Visio application competencies that Office Technology and Management (OTM) students need for effective secretarial productivity in the 21st century. The study has one research question and hypothesis. The study employed an explanatory mixed-method design, involving a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions. The population comprised 1,944 OTM students from 10 federal and state polytechnics in Southwest Nigeria, with a sample of 365 students selected using proportional stratified sampling. Quantitative data were collected using the Microsoft Visio Application Competencies Questionnaire (MVACQ). The MVACQ was duly validated by three experts with a Cronbach reliability coefficient of 0.87. The qualitative aspect utilized focus group discussion (FGD). The quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 0.05 significance level. The qualitative data were analyzed using the analytical coding method. The findings revealed that Microsoft Visio competencies are very highly needed for effective secretarial productivity in the 21st century by Office Technology and Management students (mean = 3.53); there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of respondents on the Microsoft Visio competencies needed for effective secretarial productivity in the 21st century based on years of experience (F (3, 355) = .75; p > .05). The study concludes that as administrative roles evolve in response to technological advancements, the ability to utilize the Microsoft Visio for secretarial functions becomes essential for success in the modern workplace. The study recommends that federal and state polytechnics should incorporate comprehensive Microsoft Visio training into their curricula. This training should cover essential competencies such as navigating the software, creating organizational charts, and developing network diagrams.
INVESTIGATING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ADOPTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing technologies among undergraduates in Nigerian universities, utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework. The research focuses on key constructs including Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Financial Constraints (FC), alongside external variables such as Institutional Support and Security Concerns. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through a structured questionnaire titled Adoption of Cloud Computing Technologies Questionnaire (ACCTQ) distributed to participants across various universities. The analysis revealed significant direct effects on Behavioral Intention (BI) to adopt cloud computing technologies. Financial Constraints exhibited the strongest influence (β = .65, p < .001), followed by Perceived Ease of Use (β = .24, p < .001) and Perceived Usefulness (β = .14, p < .001). Notably, PEOU emerged as a significant predictor of PU (β = .31, p < .001), indicating that ease of use enhances perceptions of usefulness. Conversely, Institutional Support and Security Concerns did not show significant effects on BI. The model explained 54.6% of the variance in Behavioral Intention, highlighting the critical role of financial resources and usability in technology adoption decisions. The findings suggest that addressing financial constraints and improving user experience are essential for enhancing the adoption of cloud computing technologies in Nigerian higher education institutions. This study contributes to the understanding of cloud technology adoption in educational contexts and provides recommendations for policymakers and university administrators to facilitate the effective integration of cloud solutions into academic frameworks.
EFFECT OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN OGUN STATE-OWNED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study examined the effect of LMS on students’ academic achievement in science education at the tertiary institutions’ level in Ogun state. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, using a population of all the undergraduate students in Sikiru Adetona College of Education, Science and Technology, Ogun State. A sample of an intact class of four hundred and fifty (450) 300-level students was used for the study. Data were collected using an instrument titled Academic Achievement Test (AAT). Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test mean scores of students in the Learning Management Systems Approach (LMSA) group and those in the Conventional Physical Classroom Approach (CPCA) group. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the post-test mean scores of the two groups, with the LMSA group performing better. Gender was found to influence students' academic achievement at the pre-test level, with male students achieving higher mean scores than female students, although the difference was not significant in the LMSA group. Notably, gender did not significantly affect students' academic achievement at the post-test or delayed post-test levels. Based on these findings, the study recommends organizing workshops and seminars for teachers and students to enhance their understanding of using LMS. Additionally, it suggests that student participation in LMS activities should be monitored regularly to ensure engagement in online learning activities.
URBAN RESIDENTS PERCEIVED ABILITY TO UNDERTAKE VEGETABLE FARMING FOR FOOD SECURITY IN DELTA STATE
Urban agriculture refers to the production of food crops, fruit trees, livestock, poultry, fish, bees and other locally edible and non-food items for both residential and commercial use in urban and peri-urban regions. This paper examined urban residents’ perceived ability to engage in vegetable farming as a means of enhancing food security in Delta State. The study was guided by three research objectives and hypotheses. A structured questionnaire was administered to 185 urban residents across three geographical regions: Delta North, Delta South, and Delta Central. The collected data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while a need assessment was conducted to address the third research question. A t-test statistic was utilized to determine significant differences between male and female city residents. The results revealed a strong need for urban residents to access information on climate conditions, the services of extension agents, sources for obtaining seeds, fertilizers, organic manure, and irrigation techniques for vegetable farming. Additionally, the findings highlighted the need for improvement in technical skills related to vegetable production, including seed dressing, tillage, harvesting, transplanting, weeding, pruning, and compost preparation. The study recommends that extension service agents should increase their visits to urban farms to provide guidance on modern vegetable farming techniques. It also suggests that the government should organize seminars and workshops to improve access to relevant agricultural information.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Science, Vocational and Technical Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
USAGE OF MOBILE PHONE APPLICATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CROP DISEASES AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Arable farming, which involves the cultivation of annual food crops, faces significant challenges from crop diseases that negatively impact productivity, particularly in Nigeria. Despite limited understanding of the underlying causes, farmers recognize the adverse effects of diseases. With the rapid adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially mobile phones, in Nigeria and across Africa, there is potential for these tools to enhance disease management among farmers. This study aims to assess the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, their awareness, and knowledge of using mobile phones for crop disease management, and the constraints they face in utilizing these technologies. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 120 arable crop farmers from Ondo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and correlation analysis. Results indicated that while most farmers (65.8%) are highly aware of the potential of mobile phones for disease management, there is a low perception of their practical application due to concerns about reliability and accessibility. Significant relationships were found between farmers’ socio-economic factors, such as primary occupation and mobile phone ownership, and their awareness and knowledge of using mobile phones for crop disease management. The study concludes that although mobile phones can potentially improve disease management among farmers, barriers such as inadequate extension support, high illiteracy, and high data and smartphone maintenance costs limit their effectiveness. The findings suggest a need for targeted educational programs and integrated extension approaches to enhance farmers' capabilities in using mobile technologies for agricultural purposes.
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SEASON ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RED SOKOTO GOATS FED GRADED LEVELS OF SUN-DRIED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL AS ENERGY SOURCE IN PREGNANCY
This study evaluated the effect of climatic season on the reproductive performance of Red Sokoto Goats fed graded levels of sun-dried cassava peel meal as an energy source in pregnancy. Treated cassava peel (sun-dried) was used as an energy source to replace maize offal at levels of 0 (Treatment 1) 18.5, (Treatment 2) 37.0, (Treatment 3) 55.0, (Treatment 4) and 74.0% (Treatment 5) in the ration of goats. A sixth ration (Treatment 6) comprised only cotton seed cake and common salt. Thirty (30) pregnant Red Sokoto goats aged between 1.5-2.0 years were allotted to six (6) treatments with a mean weight of 26.1-26.6kg in a randomized complete block design. Each of the six rations was fed to five Red Sokoto goats during pregnancy at the rate of 1.5% of the live weight daily before allowing the goats to graze on native pastures in a specific paddock. The result of the experiment showed that season had no significant (P<0.05) effect on birth weight (BTWT), litter weight (LWT) and litter size (LS) of the kids. However, weight loss due to kidding (WLDK) was significantly (P<0.05) higher during the Cold-Dry season (October-December). No mortality was reported in this study in terms of reproductive wastage like abortion and still birth. The study concluded that without adjusting for energy, Cassava peel meal can be used to replace maize offals in the diets of pregnant Red Sokoto goats up to 74% inclusion level during the Hot-dry season, late-wet season and cold-dry season without having any adverse effects on birth weight (BTWT), litter weight (LWT) and litter size (LS).
BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE: THROUGH THE INTERSECTION OF BUSINESS EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA
The study examined building community resilience through the intersection of business education and entrepreneurial empowerment programmes in Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study and one null hypothesis was formulated and tested. A correlational survey research design was employed for the study. The population consisted of 120 beneficiaries of the entrepreneurial programme. No sample was required as the population was manageable. A 15-item statements questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection which was validated by two research experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test-retest technique. Data obtained were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistics and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.86. This value was considered appropriate for the study. Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient were used to analyze data from the research questions while linear regression was used to test the hypothesis at an alpha level of 0.05. Findings indicate a positive relationship between community resilience business education and entrepreneurial empowerment. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that school administrators and other stakeholders should ensure an adequate integration of entrepreneurial initiatives by creating technology and innovative centres. More avenues for financial service assessments should also be created to enhance quality of life and improve capacity building and adaptability in communities.
GENDER AS A DETERMINANT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG BUSINESS EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
The study examined gender as a determinant of entrepreneurial intention of Business Education undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria. One research question and hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive research design was utilized, with the population comprising 428 business education undergraduates from Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State. A sample of 214 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire titled “Gender Determinant of Entrepreneurship Intention among Business Education Undergraduates Questionnaire (GDEIABEUQ)”. The questionnaire was validated by three Business and Entrepreneurship Education experts from Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin. The reliability was established using Cronbach alpha statistics which yielded a 0.80 reliability coefficient. The research question was answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested using t-test analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that gender does not influence the entrepreneurial intention among business education undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria. Also, there was no significant influence of gender on the entrepreneurial intention of business education undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria (t(212) = 0.08, p > 0.05). The study recommends that young entrepreneurs should not be biased by gender when pursuing business aspirations. Additionally, government policies and institutions should promote gender equity in entrepreneurship to ensure equal contributions to the nation’s economy.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE PARENTING OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA
The study was aimed at assessing the perception of students in the causes and effects of inadequate parenting of students of public junior secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 3,600 students from the 12 public junior secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Abuja. The sample of the study was 720 (20%) public junior secondary school students selected from 6 sampled public junior secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Abuja. 120 public junior secondary school students were sampled from each of the 6 sampled schools through a simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was the researchers’ self-designed questionnaire titled, “Causes and Effects of Inadequate Parenting of Students Questionnaire (CEIPSQ)”. The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Psychology, Measurement and Evaluation. The instrument was pilot-tested on 40 students from two public junior secondary schools in Kwali Area Council, FCT, Abuja that were not part of the study and a reliability coefficient of 0.75 was obtained using the split half method of reliability. Two research questions guided the study, which were analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages. The result of the findings showed that the respondents are aware of the existence of the causes of inadequate parenting stated in this study, such as parents’ low sensitivity to child feelings; child’s neglect; parents not setting rules and regulations; reprimanding the child excessively; inconsistent parenting; and being a teen parent, among others. The study recommended, among others, that the government, in collaboration with school authorities, should organize sensitization workshops or seminars for parents while experts are invited to speak on the causes of inadequate parenting on topical issues such as child’s upbringing/parenting, health, and socio-economic matters. The knowledge gained will help parents curb the identified causes of inadequate parenting of their children.
INFORMATION SKILLS NEEDED BY CATFISH FARMERS TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the information skills needed by catfish farmers to achieve food security in Delta State. The study used a descriptive research design and focused on all catfish farmers in Delta central senatorial district. A total of 171 catfish farmers were purposively selected as the sample size. Four research questions were raised, and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of data was done using mean to answer the research questions and t-test was used to test the stated hypotheses. The findings revealed that catfish farmers need planning skills such as setting goals and identifying sources of finance. Breeding skills like dissecting male fishes to expose testes for milt collection, spreading milt over eggs, and thorough mixing of milt-eggs are important for catfish production. Relevant marketing skills, including identifying consumers’ appreciation behaviour and keeping sales records, are also necessary for catfish production. The study recommended that the government and other stakeholders in aquaculture should design more extensive interventions to assist catfish producers in raising their yields.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS ON THE PROCEDURES AND STRATEGIES FOR ENSURING QUALITY EDUCATION IN PUBLIC JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWALI AREA COUNCIL, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT), ABUJA, NIGERIA
The study was aimed at analyzing the perception of teachers on the procedures and strategies for ensuring quality education in public junior secondary schools in Kwali Area Council, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises all the 200 teachers from the ten public junior secondary schools in Kwali Area Council, FCT, Abuja. A sample of all the 200 teachers from five sampled schools in the study area was used. Forty (40) teachers were sampled from each of the five sampled schools. The schools were sampled through a random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher’s self-designed questionnaire titled, “Perception Teachers’ Procedures Strategies Quality Education Questionnaire (PTPSQEQ)”. Two research questions guided the study was analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages. The result of the finding showed that the procedures for ensuring quality education in public junior secondary schools in Kwali Area Council, FCT, Abuja include: employment and posting of qualified teachers to schools; provision of adequate funding; monitoring unit of FCT UBE should be reinforced; school supervision be thorough and timely; entrepreneurship and ICT be encouraged, among others. The findings of the study also showed that the strategies for ensuring quality education in public junior secondary schools, Kwali Area Council, FCT, Abuja include: provision of adequate funding; effective monitoring of the management of funds; adequate remuneration and motivation of teaching staff, among others. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that: secondary school principals should adopt, implement and sustain the procedures and strategies stated in this research work to ensure quality education in their schools.
GENDER AS PREDICTOR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES NEEDED BY UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN CASSAVA FARMING IN DELTA STATE
This study identified the entrepreneurial competency improvements needed by university undergraduates for entry into cassava farming to support the sustainable development goal (SDG) of no poverty in Delta State, Nigeria. Anchored on Human Capital Theory, the study addressed two research questions and tested two hypotheses using a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 275 undergraduates studying Agricultural Education and Crop Science in the four state-owned universities in Delta State, with no sampling involved. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the “Entrepreneurial Competencies Needed in Cassava Farming Questionnaire (ECNCFQ),” which was validated by three experts and had a reliability coefficient of 0.855, indicating high reliability. Among the 250 completed questionnaires, responses were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Improvement Need Index (INI), while t-tests were applied to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The findings highlighted those undergraduate required improvements in 15 planning areas and 11 innovation areas related to cassava farming. However, gender was determined as a non-significant predictor of the entrepreneurial competencies needed by university undergraduates in cassava farming in Delta State. The study concluded that enhancing these competencies is essential and recommended their integration into the Agricultural Education and Crop Science curricula in Delta State universities to better prepare students for entrepreneurial activities in cassava farming.
BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF SNAIL AND CATFISH FARMING IN ONDO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE
This study investigated the various aspects of snail and catfish farming as well as the benefits and challenges faced by entrepreneurs in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. The study involved thirty-six catfish and two snail farmers who were selected for this study. Validated questionnaires were used to collect data from selected farmers in the local government area. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages, mean and standard deviation. The major findings revealed that there were different aspects of snail and catfish farming for farmers and entrepreneurs. These aspects included sorting (50%), transportation (100%), production of feed (63.9%), sales of smoked fish (50%), sales of table-size fish (41.7%) and fingerlings (58.3%), and acting as an intermediary between farmer and consumer (69.4%). Findings also revealed that snail and catfish farming brought significant benefits to the farmers. They were good sources of income and employment, and highly nutritious. The high reproductive ability of snails and catfish also makes the business viable. The challenges of snail and catfish farming were related to capital (69.4%), availability of infrastructure (47.2%) and amenities (50%), pests and diseases (100%), sitting (66.7%) and scarcity of feeds (55.6%). The study concluded that snail farming and catfish farming are profitable businesses with various aspects, viable benefits as well as constraints. It was recommended that extension agencies maintain good relationships with the farmers to intensify their awareness about the adoption of improved technology, and formal fund sourcing. Additionally, they should encourage fish farmers to join various fish and snail farmers’ groups to make the required information and best practices readily accessible.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A LEVERAGING TOOL FOR ENHANCING ACADEMIC EXPECTATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF PIONEER STUDENTS AT FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION TECHNICAL EKIADOLOR, BENIN
This study examined the use of artificial intelligence as a leveraging tool for enhancing academic expectations and performance of pioneer students at the Federal College of Education Technical Ekiadolor, Benin. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and focused on all the 310 pioneer students at Federal College of Education Technical Ekiadolor, Benin, Edo State. The study adopted the census approach to cover the entire population due to its small and manageable size. A self-structured questionnaire with ten (10) items titled “Artificial Intelligence as a Leveraging Tool for Enhancing Academic Expectations and Performance of Pioneer Students at Federal College of Education Technical Ekiadolor, Benin, Edo State” (AILEAEPPS-FCETEK) was used for data collection, showing a reliability coefficient of 0.81. The finding revealed, that the integration of AI-driven educational platforms enhances the learning outcomes and influences the motivation levels of pioneer students. The study recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should establish virtual classrooms and learning environments in tertiary institutions to facilitate remote or hybrid learning models as these virtual classrooms can provide interactive and practical learning experiences.
PERCEIVED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND OTHER SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study assessed the perceived relationship between the family and other social institutions towards a sustainable society in Ondo State. Four research questions guided this study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all inhabitants of Ondo City. A sample size of 133 respondents was purposively and randomly sampled. A validated four-point modified Likert scale structured questionnaire of 25 items was used for the study. The reliability coefficient determined using Cronbach's Alpha yielded a value of 0.89, indicating high internal consistency of the instrument. Data collected were statistically analyzed using both descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods. The major findings indicated that family functions include ensuring continuity of the society through child-bearing and rearing, meeting the economic needs of the members, and socializing children. Sustainable development is viewed in the context of the United Nations Vision 2030, which serves as the basis for operations in every sector in Nigeria. Additionally, maternity homes and adoption centres, banks and insurance companies, and media perform some of the functions traditionally meant for the family. It was therefore recommended that families should return to their fundamental functions and for other social institutions to perform their functions while recognizing the importance of families in society.
ASSESSMENT OF CLASS-WIDE PEER TUTORING STRATEGY ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SLOW LEARNERS IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA NIGERIA
The study examined the assessment of Class-Wide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) strategy on the achievement of slow learners in Mathematics in public Senior Secondary Schools in Abuja, Nigeria. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test. The population of the study comprised 10,936 SS II students. A total of 46 slow learners of public Senior Secondary Schools selected by simple random sampling technique participated in the study. The instrument used for data collection was the Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), validated by experts and subjected to reliability using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded a reliability index of 0.84. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the slow learners in the CWPT group (experimental) achieved significantly better than those in traditional method groups (control), The study also revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female slow learners taught Mathematics using CWPT in public Senior Secondary Schools Abuja. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the use of the CWPT method should be encouraged through workshops and seminars in schools among Mathematics teachers and CWPT method should be incorporated into the mathematics curriculum as one of the instructional strategies for teaching and learning.